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Alquileres, servicios profesionales y entretenimiento serán más caros

Tatiana Gutérrez Wa-Chong | Martes 4 de Junio, 2019

A partir del 1 de julio, los servicios profesionales que actualmente no están gravados y de entretenimiento, como Netflix y Spotify, y los alquileres residenciales pagarán un impuesto de Valor Agregado (IVA) del 13%. 

Esto provocará un impacto en el bolsillo de los costarricenses que están acostumbrados a cancelar el impuesto de las ventas, cobrado en la compra únicamente de algunos bienes.

El IVA grava cada una de las etapas de producción de bienes y de prestación de servicios, de forma tal que el productor puede deducir el impuesto pagado en cada una de las etapas y le añade valor a los bienes o servicios que vende o presta.

Los costarricenses pagaremos más por los servicios informáticos, abogados, gimnasios, estéticas, conciertos, servicios digitales o de telecomunicaciones y juegos de azar.

También, en electricidad, las personas que consuman más de 280 kilovatios/hora al mes pagarán impuestos y estarían exentos los que consuman menos de esa cifra.

Al igual que los que consuman más de 30 metros cúbicos de agua al mes y los que tengan alquileres superiores a ¢648 mil mensuales.

El golpe a los bolsillos no termina ahí, también se cancelará más por servicios privados de salud, pero se le devolverá el dinero si paga con tarjeta de crédito.

Por boletos aéreos internos, el IVA no afectará, pero si se trata de un vuelo internacional, el tributo se cobraría sobre el 10% del valor del boleto.

También, se cobrará un 13% a todos los viajes de Uber, lo que despertó la duda sobre si esto estaría regulando a la plataforma digital, pese a que en el Congreso apenas discute el proyecto de ley 21228 que pretende que dejen de ser informales.

Otro cambio se dará en la canasta básica, pero este será a partir del 2020.

Este panorama obligó a los empresarios a modificar sus operaciones, acomodando sus contabilidades y aprendiendo rápido sobre el uso de la factura electrónica.

Los consumidores también deben hacer esfuerzos en sus economías individuales y familiares para paliar el impacto de este impuesto.

Los beneficios del Impuesto de Valor Agregado (IVA) son que permitirían destinar más dinero a programas sociales en diferentes áreas, tales como atender necesidades de quienes menos tienen y evitarse más endeudamiento, tal y como lo ha explicado Rocío Aguilar Montoya, ministra de Hacienda.

El Gobierno recibiría recursos frescos por un  1,33% del PIB, lo cual vendrá a aliviar en gran medida el déficit fiscal.

Además, se amplía la gama de actividades que tributan, reduce las exoneraciones y al gravar el valor que cada productor añade a un bien o servicio, hace necesario que las y los productores soliciten facturas a sus proveedores para acreditar el impuesto pagado y poder deducirlo.

Otro de los beneficios es que este impuesto pretende incorporar un sistema de devolución de los impuestos pagados a las personas que se encuentran en condición de pobreza extrema y vulnerabilidad y para eso el Ministerio de Hacienda hará la devolución mediante un depósito electrónico a una cuenta bancaria del consumidor.

Las bases de datos del Ministerio de Hacienda y del Sistema Nacional de Registro Único de Beneficiarios (adscrito al IMAS) estarán interconectadas para estos efectos.

Los emprendedores y profesionales liberales deberán hacer una serie de cambios desde el punto de vista contable.

Si ya están inscritos como contribuyentes no deberán hacer nada.  De lo contrario, deberán apersonarse a la Dirección de Tributación Directa para hacer el trámite correspondiente.

Este nuevo impuesto le implicará llevar un mayor control de sus facturas electrónicas y saber cuáles son los costos reales del servicio qué ofrece.

Para enfrentar mejor las consecuencias de este impuesto, los expertos aconsejan reducir los costos innecesarios en su empresa y eliminar aquellos que no le están aportando un valor agregado.

Implicaciones

Manrique Blen Font, director de Impuestos de BLP, comentó que este año se deberá analizar seriamente el presupuesto familiar para identificar puntos sensibles y potenciales limitaciones al consumo ordinario, en vista del aumento del costo final de los productos y servicios; además ser muy cauteloso con los gastos superfluos y sobre todo, tratar de no endeudarse más de lo necesario.

Silvia Castro Durán, gerente de Impuestos y Legal Deloitte, manifestó: “al ser el IVA un impuesto que grava el consumo, se limitan las posibilidades de “paliar” el impuesto ya que cada vez que se consuma un bien o un servicio se deberá pagar la tarifa correspondiente, que puede ser de 1% hasta un 13%”.

Expresó que la única forma de mitigar el impacto del IVA en las economías familiares e individuales es ajustar o disminuir el consumo de algunas cosas que no sean de primera necesidad, entre ellos cortes de cabello, manicure, entre otros servicios que estarán gravados.

Germán Morales Martínez, socio director de Grand Thornton, aseguró que el IVA entrará en vigor y los consumidores deben tomar en cuenta los cambios para no verse afectados.  

 

 

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